Bone, Muscle & Pain Related Disorders

Disorders of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and bursae lead to musculoskeletal pain. Injuries, infections and degenerative conditions are the causes of such disorders. It limits mobility, dexterity and functional ability of a person.

Arthritis — Arthritis

A musculoskeletal disorder, arthritis affects millions across the world. It is a debilitating condition that restricts your range of movement and affects your functional life. If left untreated, it may inhibit your movement altogether.
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Back pain — Back pain

Back pain refers to the pain arising in back and usually arises from the muscles, joints, nerves, or other structures in the spine. Back pain is a fairly common condition that most people suffer from these days. Medically the condition is as one where the person experiences pain or discomfort in any part of the back. Incidentally, the lower back is a place where most people suffer from pain, commonly caused due to improper posture or strain. Back pain is something most of us suffer from at some point in our lives. While some aches may be acute (sudden and quick to subside) others may be the start of a chronic condition. Here is all you need to know about back pain and what it could probably indicate.
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Backache — Backache

Backache refers to pain in the back that arises from muscles, joints, nerves or other structures in the spine. Backache is the most common problem that affects most people who work sitting at one place. Because of lack of movement and stretching and some other reasons like improper posture, hunching and twisting, the back muscles become stiffed or tensed. Pain can either radiate from the upper region to lower back or may be specific to certain points along the spine. Backache can become really irritating when the pain is constant irrespective of movement and sufficient rest. Generally, backache that is not caused by a serious condition gets better within 12 weeks with proper exercise, topical gels, sprays and corrective measures for posture. Prolonged backache may be due to a serious condition like slipped disc. In this section, you will find tips to prevent back pain, certain yoga exercises like surya namaskar for relieving back pain, tips to live with chronic back pain, etc. You can also find detailed information on what exactly causes chronic pains, treatment and surgeries for back pain and a guide on lower back pain.
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Bone and Joint Health — Bone and Joint Health

Bone and joint diseases include Arthritis, Spondylitis, Fractures, Dislocations, Muscle cramps, Carpal Tunnel syndrome etc.
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Cervical spondylosis — Cervical spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis is another name for osteoarthritis in the joints of the vertebrae in the neck. This means that it is a degenerative disease where bony surfaces, in this case in the cervical vertebrae, have lost their cartilage lining. If there is inflammation of the joint associated with this degeneration, one would use the term, spondylitis to describe it. In spondylosis, apart from the changes described in the bony vertebrae, one will similarly encounter corresponding changes in the cushion like structures—the discs--that lie between successive vertebrae. Just as a degenerated joint alone will produce some symptoms of its own, a degenerated will be responsible for some, possibly different, complaints too. Dr Smarajit Chakrabarty, senior consultant, Orthopaedics at Apollo Hospital tells us about cervical spondylosis and how one can prevent and treat the condition.
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Fibromyalgia — Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a rare condition yet one of the most common pain disorders that people may suffer from. The two main characteristic features of fibromyalgia are chronic pain and extreme fatigue. A person with fibromyalgia experience long-term pain in the joints, muscles and tendons, which is usually not associated with any other cause. This is the reason, why fibromyalgia is considered a syndrome rather than a disease.
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Fractures — Fractures
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A fracture is a break in the bone’s continuity, which occurs when a bone counters a force stronger than it can bear as in trauma because of a fall/fight/vehicular accident. Fractures may be caused when the bones get weak because of conditions such as osteoporosis, brittle bone disease, osteomalacia, and bone tumours.
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Dr Samarth Desai

Frozen shoulder — Frozen shoulder

A frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a joint problem that causes stiffness, pain, and loss of motion in the shoulder. This may lead to a severe disability and cause prolonged pain if left untreated. The reasons behind the frozen shoulder condition are unknown. However, it may occur because of immobilization of the shoulder for a long, long time due to injury, surgery, or illness. In many cases, the cause is obscure. However, with proper treatment, you can usually unfreeze the shoulder. The recovery takes time and patience. The shoulder has a broader range of motion than any other part of the body. It is a ball-and-socket joint, which enables the shoulder to move forward or backwards and allows the arm to rotate and extend outward. The synovial fluid lubricates the joints and helps them to move smoothly. Various muscles and tendons stabilize the shoulder and control its movements. They are known as the rotator cuff. This elaborate architecture of soft tissue allows for the shoulder's flexibility, but it also makes it vulnerable to wear and tear and trauma. Anatomy of a frozen shoulder: Usually, the head of the humerus moves smoothly in the glenoid cavity, a depression in the scapula. A shoulder is considered frozen when the capsule protecting the glenohumeral joint contracts and stiffens. Adhesions may also form between joint capsules and the head of the humerus.
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Myasthenia Gravis — Myasthenia Gravis
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Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term, autoimmune condition in which the communication between muscles and nerves is impaired due to the production of certain antibodies resulting in voluntary muscle weakness. The term originates from the Latin and Greek words translating to “grave, or serious, muscle weakness.” Individuals Affected by Myasthenia Gravis produce antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR-Ab) or against a protein called muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK-Ab). This disease affects any individual irrespective of age but is predominantly seen in younger women (second and third decade) and older men (after the fifth decade) of life. Since there is no known cause, the treatment remains evasive. However, with the timely detection and speedy medical management, individuals affected with Myasthenia Gravis can lead more productive lives.[1,2,9]
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Dr. Sandeep Borse

Neck pain — Neck pain

Have you ever got up in the morning with an aching neck or had a sudden twist in the neck while playing? Neck pain is a debilitating condition that most of you might have experienced at least once in your lifetime. However with simple precautionary tips you can prevent your neck injury and thus, the pain. But before we get into this, let's know the working of the neck to help you understand the causes of neck pain. The neck acts as a supporting structure that connects the skull to the torso. Made up of bones, ligaments, and muscles, it helps you to move your head flexibly. However, a slight injury, abnormality or inflammation of the neck might cause pain taking the hell out of you. Right from the way you sleep to spending long hours in front of the computer, your everyday routine takes a toll on your neck. Here’s everything you should know about neck pain.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta — Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a rare genetic disease affecting the connective tissue and bones. In this disease, bones become extremely fragile and break or fracture easily (osteoporosis). Infants born with OI may have fragile bones, abnormal bones, and other problems. There is a variation in the symptoms and severity of OI from person to person. Osteogenesis imperfecta can result in more severe complications. Signs and symptoms range from mild to severe.[1-3]
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Osteoporosis — Osteoporosis

Found this page useful? Why not bookmark it? A single fall can fracture your bones! And this could be due to lack of calcium and vitamin D, something you can easily rectify with the right diet and exercise. Experiencing frequent fractures, back ache and bad posture are all symptoms of Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is weakening of bones. The bone mass density (BMD) decreases, increasing the risk of fractures. The first-level of BMD loss is known as osteopenia which, if undetected and untreated, proceeds to osteoporosis. Although the term osteoporosis is synonymous with women above 50 years of age, it is now commonly seen in men as well and is known to strike at an alarmingly younger age. There is more to osteoporosis than just calcium deficiency. In women, oestrogen is important for BMD maintenance. Post-menopausal decrease in the level leads to accelerated BMD loss. Fast changing lifestyles, poor dietary habits and lack of exercise along with heredity are some of the contributing factors.
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Sciatica — Sciatica

Many people who complain about lower back pain that travels down the legs suffer from a condition called sciatica pain. While acute sciatica pain can be relieved within 1-2 months, ignoring the condition for a long time may result in flare-ups that worsen with time, interfering with simple daily activities like walking, standing and sleeping. Therefore, a better understanding about the condition is needed. Our expert Dr Garima Anandani, chief spine consultant, Qi Spine Clinic discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of sciatic pain.
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TENSION HEADACHE — TENSION HEADACHE
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A tension headache, commonly known as stress headache, is characterized as a mild to moderate headache that feels similar to a tight band around your head. It is one of the most common type of headache whose exact causes has not yet been determined. Usually brought about when someone is stressed or tense, this headache usually radiates from the nape of the neck to the front of the head. While this sensation and its intensity can vary from one person to the next, the pain can be quite debilitating, causing sensitivity to light and fatigue in certain people.
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Dr. Sachin Shelke

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Diseases Conditions
Menopause may increase bone fragility: Signs, risks and prevention

Menopause can weaken bones due to hormonal changes increasing fracture risk. Early awareness, proper nutrition, exercise and regular bone health screenings help maintain stronger bones.

Written by Dr. Aashish Chaudhry
May 22, 2026, 4:56 PM
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5 vitamin D rich foods to boost immunity and strength naturally

Here are the 5 vitamin D rich foods that naturally support immunity, improve bone strength, boost energy levels, and help maintain overall health every day.

Written by Muskan Gupta
May 12, 2026, 6:52 PM
Diseases Conditions
Sprain vs Fracture: Key signs to tell the difference and when to seek urgent care

Know how to tell a sprain from a fracture with key symptoms, pain patterns, and warning signs, plus when to seek urgent medical care after an injury.

Written by Muskan Gupta
Mar 31, 2026, 1:19 PM
Diseases Conditions
Are ultra-processed foods hurting your bones? Study shares key findings

Although ultra-processed foods are convenient a high dependency could be costly to your health. In the long term choosing foods with lots of nutrients and an active lifestyle may protect your bones from the risk of fractures.

Written by N. Lothungbeni Humtsoe
Mar 26, 2026, 10:02 PM
Diseases Conditions
Is it normal to hear cracking sound from your body during exercise?

Human bodies have joints that contain a lubricant fluid which could make a cracking noise when you bend knee, rotate shoulder or crack fingers. However, if the noise is persistent you should visit a doctor as it could be trying to warn underlying health complications.

Written by Dr. Aashish Chaudhry
Mar 13, 2026, 5:53 PM
Diseases Conditions
Why bone health is crucial for women at every stage of life, expert explains

Cases of weak bone health has been on the rise amongst women in their 30s and 40s. An expert reveals factors contriubting to Osteoporosis at young adults in the recent times.

Written by N. Lothungbeni Humtsoe
Mar 09, 2026, 3:57 PM

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