त्वचा रोग

कोई भी ऐसा रोग या विकार जो मानव त्वचा को प्रभावित करता है वह त्वचा रोग की श्रेणी में आता है। त्वचा रोग होने पर स्किन परतदार, पपड़ीदार, लाल और धब्बे के कारण सफेद हो सकती है।

मुंहासे (Acne) — मुंहासे (Acne)
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Acne is a common skin disorder caused due to inflammation of oil-producing glands (sebaceous glands) and hair follicles. Hair follicles are small structures present beneath the skin that act as seeds for the growth of hair while the sebaceous glands produce oil that moisturises the skin and hair. Each strand of hair that grows out of the respective hair follicle carries the oil along with it and pushes out of the skin surface. At the time of puberty, there is an increase in production of oil and decrease in the shedding of skin cells. These skin cells block the hair follicles and trap the oil within. The bacteria naturally present in hair follicles multiply in the oil-filled pores, eventually resulting in inflammation and acne breakouts. Acne can develop in both boys and girls during puberty. It can develop in people during adulthood too, even in their 40s and 50s.
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Dr Nitin Nair

एलर्जी (Allergies) — एलर्जी (Allergies)

Allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder in which the body’s immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment. These substances that trigger an allergic reaction in the body are called allergens. Allergy can be caused by anything such as egg, wheat, peanuts, milk, drugs, house dust mites, unhygienic places, cold, rain and even dust. Food allergies are reactions towards certain food components. The most common allergens in foods are proteins. When the allergic reaction is due to a drug, it is said to be a drug allergy. They are most commonly seen with antibiotics followed by anti-tumour drugs. Allergens cause an immune system response in the person’s body leading to symptoms such as sneezing, skin rash, hives, and itching of the skin or eyes, swelling of face or tongue, running nose, hoarseness of voice, and cough. Allergies can play a major role in conditions such as asthma. Drug allergy may cause swelling or tightening of the airways, dizziness or light headedness, rapid pulse, or even loss of consciousness. An anaphylactic attack or anaphylaxis is a severe type of allergic reaction that can often be sudden and cause severe symptoms like choking, organ failure and even death. Depending on the type of allergy, diagnostic tests may include skin tests, blood tests, oral challenge test, and drug provocation test. Self-medication for allergy should be avoided. Allergy can be of many types and each one of them need separate medication to be cured. Special diets are the most commonly used treatment for food allergies. However, certain medications and supplements are used to deal with food allergy symptoms. Adverse reaction to any drug must be immediately notified to the doctor. Epinephrine (adrenaline) injection is used to handle medical emergencies due to complications. An anaphylactic attack is a medical emergency.
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डर्मेटाइटिस (Dermatitis) — डर्मेटाइटिस (Dermatitis)

Dermatitis means an inflammation of the skin. It is commonly manifested as redness, swelling, itching. It is different from eczema as in all eczemas are types of dermatitis of some sort but all types of dermatitis are not eczemas. The word derma refers to the skin. Dermatitis is a medical condition relating to inflammation of or rashes on the skin. Depending on the cause, the rashes of dermatitis can range from mild to severe. Dermatitis is a harmless condition; it is not an infectious disease. Also, it does not indicate how clean your skin is. Early treatment and care can help you treat the symptoms.
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एक्जिमा (Eczema) — एक्जिमा (Eczema)

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a common, non-contagious, long-term skin condition that causes recurrent and extremely itchy rashes. It affects people of all ages worldwide, including infants and young children. The skin barrier plays an important function in the human body. It prevents loss of water from the body and protects it from external threats such as allergens, chemicals, and infectious agents. However, eczema damages this skin barrier and makes the skin prone to dryness and infection. Eczema does not occur because of the presence of dirt or infection in the skin. The condition usually does not harm the body. There is no cure for this condition; however, there are many treatments that can help people manage the symptoms of the condition.
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हीव्स (Hives) — हीव्स (Hives)

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a skin condition that appears as a sudden outbreak of red bumps or swelling on the skin. Around 20 per cent of people worldwide are affected by it. Numerous factors such as allergic reactions or food poisoning can trigger hives. They usually start as an itchy rash that turns into a swollen red patch on the skin along with a burning sensation. They can appear on the lips, tongue and throat and vary in size. In some cases, hives may join forming a large patch on the skin or the affected area. Hives usually last for several hours or a day, and may not always require treatment.
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केलॉइड (Keloids) — केलॉइड (Keloids)
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Marks left behind from acne, cuts, or scrapes may leave permanent scars on the skin. When such scars grow excessively and are lumpy in texture, it leads to keloids or hypertrophic scars. These are thick and spread beyond the original boundary of the skin injury. They commonly develop on the chest, back, arms and the upper part of the hand. The exact cause of keloids is not yet clear, but they are believed to be the faulty formation of collagen when the skin is damaged during the healing process. Keloids can be healed with creams containing retinoids, steroids injection and surgery.
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Dr. Sunita Nayak

लाइकेन प्लेनस (Lichen planus) — लाइकेन प्लेनस (Lichen planus)

If you’ve been suffering from purple-looking rashes accompanied by very bad itching, please visit a dermatologist. You could be suffering from what is called Lichen planus. Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that affects one’s skin, mucous membranes and hair. Since the lesion resembles lichen, the condition is termed as lichen planus. Lichen planus is not an infectious disease; therefore, it cannot spread from person to person; moreover, it is not a type of cancer. The exact prevalence of lichen planus is unclear; this disease affects 0.5%–2.0% of the general population. India has a high incidence of lichen planus, with a prevalence rate of 2.6%. The incidence of this condition is 13.7% in tobacco users and 0.3% in non-tobacco users. Lichen planus affects patients between 30 and 60 years of age and is more common in females than in males.
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तिल (Moles) — तिल (Moles)

You will be surprised to know that every adult has around 10 to 40 moles that can appear anywhere on the body. Visible as brown or black growths on the skin, they first appear at birth or during early childhood and usually continue to develop until the age of 50. As you start to grow old, they slowly tend to disappear or fade away.
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सेबोरिक डर्मेटाइटिस (Seborrheic Dermatitis) — सेबोरिक डर्मेटाइटिस (Seborrheic Dermatitis)

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disorder clinically characterized by ill-defined, flaky, white to yellowish scales, with or without reddened skin. It primarily affects oily areas, including the scalp, face, upper chest, back and flexors. It is more prevalent among males but usually occurs in infants within the first three months of life. “Seborrheic” denotes “sebaceous” glands while “dermis” implies “skin.” When it affects an adult, it is called “dandruff”. When it affects a baby’s scalp, it is called “cradle cap.” Treatment generally gives good results but the condition is chronic, it may flare up occasionally.
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विटिलिगो (Vitiligo) — विटिलिगो (Vitiligo)

Vitiligo was originally known by the name of “Shweta kusht”, is a common skin disorder referred to as ‘white leprosy’ or ‘leucoderma’. Because of a limited understanding of vitiligo, people suffering from it often have low self-esteem and experience social isolation to some extent. Moreover, there are many misconceptions associated with vitiligo, e.g., it is contagious and that it has no effective treatment. Moreover, 1% of the global population suffers from vitiligo.
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