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ट्यूमर्स और कैंसर

कैंसर रोगों का एक वर्ग है जिसमें शरीर की कुछ कोशिकाएं बिना रुके विभाजित होने लगती हैं और आसपास के ऊतकों में अनियंत्रित होकर फैल जाती हैं। कैंसर मानव शरीर में किसी भी अंग से शुरू हो सकता है और एक अंग से दूसरे अंग को भी प्रभावित कर सकता है।

हड्डियों का कैंसर (Bone cancer)

हड्डियों का कैंसर (Bone cancer)

Bone cancer can arise in any of the bones of the body but it is most commonly seen in the long bones of the arms and legs. It has the ability to attack the body within the first 20 years of life when maximum growth in the musculoskeletal system takes place. Primary bone cancers originate in the bone tissue. Common types are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Other rare bone cancers include fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, angiosarcoma and chordoma. Secondary bone cancer occurs when cancer cells from other parts of the body migrate to the bone tissue. High dose radiotherapy, Paget’s disease, rare inherited genetic disorders such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and hereditary retinoblastoma increase the chances of developing primary bone cancers.

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मस्तिष्क में ट्यूमर (Brain Tumour)

मस्तिष्क में ट्यूमर (Brain Tumour)

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A brain tumour, known as a central nervous system tumour or an intracranial tumour, is an abnormal mass of cells that grows from either the brain or surrounding tissue. There are >150 types of brain tumour: some are cancerous (malignant) while some are non-cancerous (benign). They may grow slowly or quickly. Regardless of the type of tumour, the tumour can become large and compress the nearby nerves and blood vessels and hinder the brain’s functioning. More men are affected by brain tumours than women, and it is more common in older people. Brain tumours can be either primary or secondary. The tumour is primary if it has developed from the cells of the brain or its surrounding tissues; however, a tumour is metastatic or secondary if it originated from another organ and has migrated to the brain via the blood. Primary tumours may be benign or malignant, while metastatic tumours are always malignant.

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Dr. Sandeep Borse
ब्रेस्ट कैंसर (Breast Cancer)

ब्रेस्ट कैंसर (Breast Cancer)

According to The World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the top-most cancer death among women. The estimates of this world body suggest that this cancer affects 2.1 million women every year, globally. WHO figured also reveal that in 2018 alone, the death toll of breast cancer was 62,700.  This constitutes almost 15 per cent of cancer-induced deaths among the female population. Breast cancer is a condition where breast cells divide and multiply uncontrollably due to mutation in certain genes. Generally, cancer forms in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast or in the pathways (ducts)transporting the milk from glands to nipple. Fatty or the fibrous connective tissues of the breast can also be the hotspot for cancerous cells. In some cases, cancer cells may travel to the lymph nodes under your arms and spread to different parts of the body. There are different types and stages of breast cancer. Also, it can affect men, rarely though.

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गर्भाशय ग्रीवा का कैंसर (Cervix cancer)

गर्भाशय ग्रीवा का कैंसर (Cervix cancer)

Cervical cancer has beaten breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in India; it kills around 33,000 women every year in India. Cervical cancer is known to occur because of a virus called the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) transmitted through sexual contact. Bad local hygiene, too many children, not enough spacing between children, low nutrition levels and early marriage all contribute to the risk factors. The high risk group includes girls who have had premature sex as teenagers, those who have had multiple pregnancies or multiple sex partners and don’t use contraceptives. The disease remains asymptomatic for a long time till it starts invading neighbouring tissues.

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